Resource Guide

HOA Laws by State

A comprehensive reference to homeowner association statutes, regulations, and homeowner protections across all 50 states and the District of Columbia.

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AL AK AZ AR CA CO CT DE DC FL GA HI ID IL IN IA KS KY LA ME MD MA MI MN MS MO MT NE NV NH NJ NM NY NC ND OH OK OR PA RI SC SD TN TX UT VT VA WA WV WI WY

Jurisdictions Covered

Comprehensive Statutes

States with Ombudsman

Require Registration

Understanding HOA Legislation

HOA laws vary dramatically from state to state. Some states like Florida, California, Colorado, and Nevada have comprehensive statutes that regulate nearly every aspect of association governance, from board elections and open meetings to assessment collection and dispute resolution. Other states have minimal legislation, leaving most governance details to the community's own CC&Rs and bylaws.

We classify each state's HOA legislative framework into three tiers based on the scope and detail of their statutes:

Comprehensive

23 states

Detailed statutes covering governance, finances, elections, dispute resolution, and homeowner rights. Often includes a state regulatory body or ombudsman.

Moderate

19 states

Solid statutory framework covering the essentials of HOA governance and assessment collection, but less prescriptive than comprehensive states.

Minimal

9 states

Basic condominium statutes only. Planned communities rely primarily on their governing documents and general property or contract law.

State-by-State Guide

Alabama

Moderate

The Alabama Homeowners Association Act applies to all HOAs created on or after January 1, 2016. It establishes requirements for governance, assessments, and homeowner rights. Older associations may still operate under their recorded covenants and the Alabama Nonprofit Corporation Act.

Primary HOA Statute

Alabama Homeowners Association Act

Ala. Code §§ 35-20-1 et seq.

View Statute

Condominium Act

Alabama Uniform Condominium Act

Ala. Code §§ 35-8A-101 et seq.

View Statute

Key Provisions

Applies to HOAs created on or after January 1, 2016
Requires associations to file organizational documents with the probate judge
Grants associations lien rights for unpaid assessments
Mandates open meetings and homeowner access to records

Notable Features

Relatively new HOA statute (2016)Older HOAs may not be subject to the Act unless they opt in

Alaska

Comprehensive

Alaska adopted the Uniform Common Interest Ownership Act (UCIOA), providing a comprehensive framework covering condominiums, cooperatives, and planned communities under a single statute.

Primary HOA Statute

Alaska Uniform Common Interest Ownership Act

Alaska Stat. §§ 34.08.010 to 34.08.990

View Statute

Key Provisions

Applies to condominiums, cooperatives, and planned communities created after July 1, 1986
Requires public offering statements for new developments
Mandates reserve studies and adequate reserve funding
Provides dispute resolution procedures for owner-association conflicts

Arizona

Comprehensive

Arizona has comprehensive HOA legislation with separate statutes for planned communities and condominiums. The state is considered one of the most HOA-regulated in the nation, with strong homeowner protections and an active Department of Real Estate overseeing compliance.

Primary HOA Statute

Arizona Planned Community Act

Ariz. Rev. Stat. §§ 33-1801 to 33-1817

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Condominium Act

Arizona Condominium Act

Ariz. Rev. Stat. §§ 33-1201 to 33-1270

View Statute

Key Provisions

HOAs must provide open meeting notices at least 48 hours in advance
Boards cannot prohibit for-sale or for-rent signs on owner property
Assessment liens are limited and require specific notice procedures
Annual financial reports and budgets must be provided to all owners
Owners have the right to attend and speak at all open board meetings

Arizona Department of Real Estate

Handles complaints related to HOA violations of state law and can order compliance.

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Notable Features

One of the strongest open meeting laws for HOAs in the countryRestricts HOA authority over solar panels, flagpoles, and political signsRecent legislation strengthened owner rights to review association records

We manage communities in Arizona

Maricopa County Yavapai County

Arkansas

Minimal

Arkansas has minimal HOA-specific legislation. The state has a basic condominium act, and planned communities are primarily governed by their own CC&Rs and general property law. There is no comprehensive planned community statute.

Primary HOA Statute

Arkansas Condominium Act

Ark. Code §§ 18-13-101 to 18-13-120

View Statute

Key Provisions

Condominium creation requires a recorded declaration
Unit owners share expenses for common elements as stated in the declaration
Associations have lien rights for unpaid assessments

California

Comprehensive

California's Davis-Stirling Act is one of the most detailed HOA statutes in the nation, governing all common interest developments including condominiums, planned developments, and cooperatives. It covers everything from board elections and open meetings to assessment collection, maintenance obligations, and dispute resolution.

Primary HOA Statute

Davis-Stirling Common Interest Development Act

Cal. Civ. Code §§ 4000-6150

View Statute

Key Provisions

Boards must conduct elections using secret ballots with an independent inspector
Annual budget reports, reserve studies, and financial disclosures are mandatory
Open meeting requirements (the Open Meeting Act) apply to all board actions
Assessment increases over 20% require a membership vote
SB 326 requires exterior elevated element inspections for condominiums every nine years
Owners can request and receive association records within specified timeframes

California Department of Real Estate

Oversees new CID developments and public reports. Does not adjudicate individual HOA disputes.

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Notable Features

One of the most comprehensive HOA statutes in the U.S.ADU (Accessory Dwelling Unit) laws restrict HOA ability to prohibit ADUsRecent legislation requires electronic voting options for associations that opt inStrong protections for solar installations, EV charging, and drought-tolerant landscaping

We manage communities in California

Orange County Los Angeles Bay Area San Diego

Colorado

Comprehensive

Registration Required

Colorado has one of the most comprehensive HOA regulatory frameworks in the country. CCIOA governs all common interest communities, and the state has an active HOA Information and Resource Center to assist homeowners and boards.

Primary HOA Statute

Colorado Common Interest Ownership Act (CCIOA)

Colo. Rev. Stat. §§ 38-33.3-101 to 38-33.3-402

View Statute

Key Provisions

HOAs must register with the Secretary of State (DORA)
Responsible governance policies are required for all associations
Mandatory dispute resolution through the HOA Information and Resource Center
Assessment lien foreclosures require court oversight
Annual financial statements and budgets must be provided to owners

Division of Real Estate, DORA

Registers HOAs and provides information and resources for homeowners and board members, but does not mediate disputes.

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Notable Features

Mandatory HOA registration with DORAStrong responsible governance policy requirementsCCIOA requirements enforceable only through private legal actionRecent reforms strengthened owner protections against foreclosure

Connecticut

Comprehensive

Connecticut adopted a version of the Uniform Common Interest Ownership Act covering condominiums and planned communities. The statute provides a solid framework for governance, financial management, and owner rights.

Primary HOA Statute

Connecticut Common Interest Ownership Act (CIOA)

Conn. Gen. Stat. §§ 47-200 to 47-299

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Key Provisions

Executive board meetings must be open to unit owners
Annual budgets and financial statements are required
Associations must maintain adequate reserves for repair and replacement
Public offering statements are required for new developments

Delaware

Comprehensive

OmbudsmanRegistration Required

Delaware adopted the Uniform Common Interest Ownership Act and maintains an Office of the Ombudsperson for Common Interest Communities to handle disputes and provide education.

Primary HOA Statute

Delaware Uniform Common Interest Ownership Act

Del. Code tit. 25, §§ 81-101 to 81-423

View Statute

Key Provisions

Associations must register with the Office of the Ombudsperson
Mandatory dispute resolution process before litigation
Board meetings must be open to owners with proper notice
Financial records must be made available to owners upon request

Office of the Ombudsperson for Common Interest Communities

Handles complaints, mediates disputes, and maintains a registry of common interest communities.

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District of Columbia

Comprehensive

Registration Required

The District of Columbia has a comprehensive condominium act and a separate cooperative housing statute. The city's high-density housing market means most residents are impacted by association governance.

Primary HOA Statute

D.C. Condominium Act

D.C. Code §§ 42-1901.01 to 42-1904.18

View Statute

Key Provisions

Detailed requirements for condominium registration and public offering statements
Boards must hold annual meetings and provide financial disclosures
Owners have strong rights to access association records
Special protections exist for cooperative housing members

Florida

Comprehensive

OmbudsmanRegistration Required

Florida has arguably the most extensive HOA and condominium legislation in the country, with separate detailed statutes for each. The Division of Condominiums, Timeshares, and Mobile Homes actively regulates associations and handles complaints. Recent reforms following the Surfside condominium collapse in 2021 significantly strengthened structural inspection and reserve requirements.

Primary HOA Statute

Florida Homeowners' Association Act

Fla. Stat. Chapter 720

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Condominium Act

Florida Condominium Act

Fla. Stat. Chapter 718

View Statute

Key Provisions

Mandatory structural integrity reserve studies for condominiums (post-Surfside reform)
Condominiums over 3 stories must complete milestone inspections at 25 or 30 years
All board members must complete a certified education course or sign an affidavit
Detailed election procedures including secret ballots and independent monitors
Annual financial reports and budgets are mandatory, with audit requirements based on revenue
Owners have robust rights to inspect and copy association records

DBPR Division of Condominiums, Timeshares, and Mobile Homes

Regulates condominiums and cooperatives, handles complaints, conducts investigations, and can impose fines for violations.

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Notable Features

Post-Surfside structural inspection and reserve funding mandatesActive state agency that investigates and penalizes association violationsBoard member education requirementsOne of the few states where the state can intervene directly in association governance disputes

Georgia

Moderate

Georgia has separate statutes for property owners' associations and condominiums. The Property Owners' Association Act is relatively brief compared to states like Florida or California, but covers the essentials of governance and assessment collection.

Primary HOA Statute

Georgia Property Owners' Association Act

Ga. Code §§ 44-3-220 to 44-3-235

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Condominium Act

Georgia Condominium Act

Ga. Code §§ 44-3-70 to 44-3-116

View Statute

Key Provisions

Associations must provide annual financial statements to members
Assessment liens can be foreclosed under specific notice requirements
Boards must hold annual meetings and allow owner participation
Governing documents must be recorded and available to owners

Hawaii

Comprehensive

Registration Required

Hawaii has comprehensive legislation for both condominiums and planned communities. Given the state's high-density housing and resort-heavy real estate market, the condominium act is particularly detailed and includes a mandatory mediation and arbitration process.

Primary HOA Statute

Hawaii Planned Community Associations Act

Haw. Rev. Stat. Chapter 421J

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Condominium Act

Hawaii Condominium Property Act

Haw. Rev. Stat. Chapter 514B

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Key Provisions

Mandatory mediation before association litigation
Detailed financial reporting and reserve study requirements
Condominium education trust fund supports owner and board education
Association registration with the state is required for condominiums

Hawaii Real Estate Commission

Registers condominium projects and handles certain regulatory functions for CIDs.

Visit Website

Notable Features

Condominium education trust fundMandatory mediation and arbitration for disputes

Idaho

Moderate

Idaho has a moderate HOA framework with a basic Homeowners' Association Act and a separate Condominium Property Act. The statutes cover governance fundamentals but leave many operational details to the governing documents.

Primary HOA Statute

Idaho Homeowners' Association Act

Idaho Code §§ 55-3001 to 55-3016

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Condominium Act

Idaho Condominium Property Act

Idaho Code §§ 55-1501 to 55-1537

View Statute

Key Provisions

HOAs must provide at least 10 days notice before board meetings
Assessment lien enforcement requires specific notice procedures
Owners have the right to inspect and copy association records
Boards must hold at least one annual meeting

Illinois

Comprehensive

Ombudsman

Illinois has comprehensive legislation covering both condominiums and other common interest communities. The Condominium Property Act is one of the more detailed in the Midwest, reflecting the large number of condominiums in the Chicago metropolitan area.

Primary HOA Statute

Illinois Common Interest Community Association Act

765 ILCS 160/

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Condominium Act

Illinois Condominium Property Act

765 ILCS 605/

View Statute

Key Provisions

Board meetings must be open to owners with at least 48 hours notice
Condominium boards must maintain reserves unless 2/3 of owners vote otherwise
Detailed election procedures including secret ballots for condominiums
Owners have broad rights to inspect and copy association records
Annual budget and financial statement requirements are mandatory

Notable Features

Strong condominium-specific legislation reflecting Chicago's large condo marketOmbudsperson position within state government to assist homeowners

Indiana

Moderate

Indiana has a moderate HOA legislative framework. The Homeowners Association Act covers planned communities, while the Horizontal Property Law governs condominiums. Both provide a basic governance framework.

Primary HOA Statute

Indiana Homeowners Association Act

Ind. Code §§ 32-25.5-1-1 to 32-25.5-3-7

View Statute

Condominium Act

Indiana Horizontal Property Law

Ind. Code §§ 32-25-1-1 to 32-25-9-5

View Statute

Key Provisions

HOAs must hold annual meetings and allow owner voting on major decisions
Assessment liens are enforceable through foreclosure with proper notice
Boards must maintain financial records and make them available to owners
Insurance requirements for common areas are specified in the statute

Iowa

Minimal

Iowa has minimal HOA-specific legislation. The Horizontal Property Act covers condominiums, and planned communities rely primarily on their governing documents and general property law.

Primary HOA Statute

Iowa Horizontal Property Act

Iowa Code Chapter 499B

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Key Provisions

Condominium creation requires a recorded declaration with specific content
Unit owners share common expenses as specified in the declaration
Associations have lien rights for unpaid assessments

Kansas

Minimal

Kansas has minimal HOA legislation. The Apartment Ownership Act is a dated condominium statute, and planned communities are governed primarily by their CC&Rs and general contract/property law.

Primary HOA Statute

Kansas Apartment Ownership Act

Kan. Stat. §§ 58-3101 to 58-3126

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Key Provisions

Condominium declarations must be recorded and include specific provisions
Common expenses are shared proportionally among unit owners
Associations can place liens for unpaid assessments

Kentucky

Minimal

Kentucky has minimal HOA-specific legislation. The Horizontal Property Law governs condominiums, while planned communities rely on governing documents and general property law principles.

Primary HOA Statute

Kentucky Horizontal Property Law

Ky. Rev. Stat. §§ 381.805 to 381.910

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Key Provisions

Condominiums are created by recording a master deed or declaration
Unit owners share common expenses proportionally
Associations may assess fees and enforce liens for nonpayment

Louisiana

Moderate

Louisiana's legal system, rooted in civil law tradition, handles property and association governance differently than most states. The Condominium Act provides a detailed framework for condominium management, but planned communities are governed by the Civil Code and their governing documents.

Primary HOA Statute

Louisiana Condominium Act

La. Rev. Stat. §§ 9:1121.101 to 9:1124.115

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Key Provisions

Condominium associations must maintain insurance on common elements
Annual meetings and financial disclosures are required
Assessment liens take priority over most other encumbrances
Governing documents must comply with the Civil Code's provisions on building restrictions

Notable Features

Unique civil law system affects property rights and association governance differently than common law states

Maine

Moderate

Maine adopted a version of the Uniform Condominium Act, providing a moderate framework for condominium governance. Planned communities are covered under the general provisions of property and nonprofit corporate law.

Primary HOA Statute

Maine Condominium Act

Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 33, §§ 1601-101 to 1604-118

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Key Provisions

Detailed requirements for condominium declarations and public offering statements
Board meetings must be open to unit owners
Financial statements and budgets must be provided annually
Associations must maintain adequate insurance coverage

Maryland

Comprehensive

Maryland has comprehensive legislation for both HOAs and condominiums. The state has been active in updating its laws, with recent reforms addressing governance transparency, collection practices, and board accountability.

Primary HOA Statute

Maryland Homeowners Association Act

Md. Code, Real Prop. §§ 11B-101 to 11B-145

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Condominium Act

Maryland Condominium Act

Md. Code, Real Prop. §§ 11-101 to 11-143

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Key Provisions

Associations must hold open board meetings with advance notice to owners
Annual budgets and financial statements are mandatory
Detailed dispute resolution procedures are available through the courts
Assessment collection practices are regulated with consumer protections
Governing document amendments require specific voting thresholds

Massachusetts

Moderate

Massachusetts has a well-established Condominium Act but limited legislation specifically for planned communities. The condominium act covers governance, finances, and owner rights for the state's large condominium population.

Primary HOA Statute

Massachusetts Condominium Act

Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 183A

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Key Provisions

Super-lien provision gives associations priority over first mortgage holders for six months of assessments
Condominium trusts (the standard governance structure) must file with the Secretary of State
Detailed requirements for condominium conversion of rental properties
Boards must maintain adequate reserves and insurance

Notable Features

Super-lien provision is one of the strongest assessment collection tools in the nationUnique condominium trust structure rather than the corporation model used in most states

Michigan

Moderate

Michigan has a detailed Condominium Act that governs condominium associations. Planned communities (subdivisions with HOAs) are primarily governed by their recorded covenants and general state law, with limited statutory protections.

Primary HOA Statute

Michigan Condominium Act

Mich. Comp. Laws §§ 559.101 to 559.276

View Statute

Key Provisions

Condominium boards must hold annual meetings and allow owner participation
Financial audits or reviews may be required depending on association size
Assessment liens have statutory priority with specific enforcement procedures
Owners have the right to inspect association financial records

Minnesota

Comprehensive

Minnesota adopted a comprehensive version of the Uniform Common Interest Ownership Act covering condominiums, cooperatives, and planned communities. The statute provides detailed governance, financial, and consumer protection requirements.

Primary HOA Statute

Minnesota Common Interest Ownership Act (MCIOA)

Minn. Stat. Chapter 515B

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Key Provisions

Applies to all common interest communities created after June 1, 1994
Detailed public offering statement requirements for new developments
Board meetings must be open to owners with reasonable notice
Reserve study and funding requirements for common element maintenance
Specific dispute resolution provisions are included

Mississippi

Minimal

Mississippi has minimal HOA-specific legislation. The Condominium Law is a basic statute, and planned communities rely primarily on their governing documents and general property law.

Primary HOA Statute

Mississippi Condominium Law

Miss. Code §§ 89-9-1 to 89-9-35

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Key Provisions

Condominium creation requires a recorded declaration
Common expenses are shared as outlined in the declaration
Associations have basic lien rights for unpaid assessments

Missouri

Moderate

Missouri enacted the Uniform Homeowners Association Act effective January 1, 2025, filling a long-standing gap in state HOA legislation. Prior to this, Missouri had no specific HOA statute. The new Act covers declarant rights, governing document amendments, association organization, budgeting, assessments, and dispute resolution.

Primary HOA Statute

Missouri Uniform Homeowners Association Act

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 442.500 et seq.

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Condominium Act

Missouri Condominium Property Act

Mo. Rev. Stat. §§ 448.005 et seq.

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Key Provisions

New comprehensive HOA Act effective January 1, 2025
Provisions cannot be varied by agreement or waived
Association must incorporate as a mutual benefit nonprofit within 1 year of control transfer
Each lot constitutes a separate parcel for taxation; common ground exempt

Notable Features

Brand new HOA statute effective January 1, 2025Previously one of the few states with no HOA-specific legislation

Montana

Moderate

Montana has a moderate condominium framework through the Unit Ownership Act. Planned communities are governed by their declarations and general Montana property law.

Primary HOA Statute

Montana Unit Ownership Act

Mont. Code §§ 70-23-101 to 70-23-902

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Key Provisions

Condominium creation requires a recorded declaration with specific content
Associations must hold annual meetings
Owners share common expenses proportionally
Assessment liens can be enforced through foreclosure

Nebraska

Moderate

Nebraska adopted a version of the Uniform Condominium Act. Planned community HOAs rely on their governing documents and general nonprofit corporation law.

Primary HOA Statute

Nebraska Condominium Act

Neb. Rev. Stat. §§ 76-825 to 76-894

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Key Provisions

Detailed requirements for condominium creation and declarations
Board meetings must be open to unit owners
Annual budgets and financial statements are required
Associations must maintain insurance on common elements

Nevada

Comprehensive

OmbudsmanRegistration Required

Nevada has one of the most comprehensive and heavily regulated HOA environments in the country. NRS 116 covers all common-interest communities, and the state's Real Estate Division has an active Ombudsman program that handles thousands of complaints annually.

Primary HOA Statute

Nevada Uniform Common-Interest Ownership Act (NRS 116)

Nev. Rev. Stat. Chapter 116

View Statute

Key Provisions

All CICs must register with the Real Estate Division
HOA board members must complete a certification course
Super-priority lien gives HOAs first claim on nine months of assessments ahead of the mortgage
Detailed open meeting and election requirements
Annual financial statements, budgets, and reserve studies are mandatory
Cap on fines and specific violation notice requirements

Nevada Real Estate Division, Office of the Ombudsman for HOAs

Registers all CICs, handles complaints, conducts investigations, provides education, and can impose fines for violations.

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Notable Features

Active Ombudsman office that processes thousands of complaints per yearBoard member certification is mandatorySuper-priority lien is one of the strongest collection tools in the nationOne of the most detailed and prescriptive HOA statutes in the U.S.

New Hampshire

Moderate

New Hampshire has a moderate condominium act and limited provisions for planned communities. The statute covers the basics of condominium governance, finances, and owner rights.

Primary HOA Statute

New Hampshire Condominium Act

N.H. Rev. Stat. Chapter 356-B

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Key Provisions

Condominium registration with the Attorney General's office is required for new developments
Board meetings must be open to unit owners
Annual budgets and financial reports are mandatory
Assessment liens are enforceable with specific procedures

New Jersey

Comprehensive

Registration Required

New Jersey has comprehensive legislation for both planned developments and condominiums. The state requires registration of new developments with the Department of Community Affairs and provides detailed consumer protections.

Primary HOA Statute

New Jersey Planned Real Estate Development Full Disclosure Act

N.J. Stat. §§ 45:22A-21 to 45:22A-56

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Condominium Act

New Jersey Condominium Act

N.J. Stat. §§ 46:8B-1 to 46:8B-38

View Statute

Key Provisions

New developments must register with the Department of Community Affairs
Public offering statements with detailed disclosures are required
Boards must hold annual meetings and provide financial statements
Assessment collection procedures include specific consumer protections
Owners have rights to access association records and attend meetings

NJ Department of Community Affairs

Registers planned developments and condominiums and provides consumer protection oversight.

Visit Website

New Mexico

Moderate

New Mexico has moderate legislation with separate acts for homeowner associations and condominiums. The HOA Act provides a basic governance framework including meeting requirements and financial disclosure obligations.

Primary HOA Statute

New Mexico Homeowner Association Act

N.M. Stat. §§ 47-16-1 to 47-16-21

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Condominium Act

New Mexico Condominium Act

N.M. Stat. §§ 47-7D-1 to 47-7D-20

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Key Provisions

Board meetings must be open to members with advance notice
Annual financial statements and budgets must be provided
Owners have the right to inspect association records
Assessment liens are enforceable with notice requirements

New York

Moderate

Registration Required

New York has moderate HOA legislation focused on condominiums and cooperatives. Given New York City's dominance of cooperative housing, the state has extensive case law governing co-ops even without a dedicated statute. Planned community HOAs in suburban areas rely on their governing documents and general property law.

Primary HOA Statute

New York Condominium Act

N.Y. Real Prop. Law Art. 9-B, §§ 339-d to 339-ii

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Key Provisions

Detailed offering plan requirements regulated by the Attorney General
Condominium boards must hold annual meetings
Cooperatives are governed by Business Corporation Law and extensive case law
Assessment liens are enforceable with specific procedures

New York Attorney General, Real Estate Finance Bureau

Oversees condominium and cooperative offering plans and investigates complaints about new development marketing.

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Notable Features

Co-op governance is primarily through case law and Business Corporation LawAttorney General actively regulates offering plans for new developments

North Carolina

Comprehensive

North Carolina has comprehensive legislation with separate statutes for planned communities and condominiums. The Planned Community Act is one of the more detailed in the Southeast.

Primary HOA Statute

North Carolina Planned Community Act

N.C. Gen. Stat. Chapter 47F

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Condominium Act

North Carolina Condominium Act

N.C. Gen. Stat. Chapter 47C

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Key Provisions

Associations must hold annual meetings and allow owner participation
Annual budgets and financial statements are mandatory
Assessment liens are enforceable with specific notice and hearing requirements
Boards must meet open meeting requirements
Dispute resolution through mediation is encouraged

North Dakota

Minimal

North Dakota has minimal HOA-specific legislation. The Condominium Act covers the basics of condominium governance, while planned communities are governed by their declarations and general property law.

Primary HOA Statute

North Dakota Condominium Act

N.D. Cent. Code Chapter 47-04.1

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Key Provisions

Condominium creation requires a recorded declaration
Associations must hold annual meetings
Common expenses are shared as specified in the declaration
Liens for unpaid assessments are enforceable

Ohio

Moderate

Ohio has moderate legislation with separate statutes for planned communities and condominiums. Recent legislative updates have strengthened both acts with improved governance standards and owner protections.

Primary HOA Statute

Ohio Planned Community Law

Ohio Rev. Code Chapter 5312

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Condominium Act

Ohio Condominium Law

Ohio Rev. Code Chapter 5311

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Key Provisions

Associations must hold annual meetings and provide financial disclosures
Board meetings must be open to owners with advance notice
Assessment liens have specific priority and enforcement procedures
Owners have the right to inspect and copy association records

Oklahoma

Minimal

Oklahoma has minimal HOA-specific legislation. The Residential Property Act provides basic provisions, while associations primarily rely on their governing documents and general property law.

Primary HOA Statute

Oklahoma Residential Property Act

Okla. Stat. tit. 60, §§ 851-870

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Key Provisions

Associations must hold annual meetings
Owners have the right to vote on certain major decisions
Assessment liens are enforceable with proper notice
Basic financial disclosure requirements

Oregon

Comprehensive

Oregon has comprehensive legislation with separate detailed statutes for planned communities and condominiums. Both acts were significantly updated in recent years to strengthen governance requirements and owner protections.

Primary HOA Statute

Oregon Planned Community Act

Or. Rev. Stat. §§ 94.550 to 94.783

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Condominium Act

Oregon Condominium Act

Or. Rev. Stat. §§ 100.005 to 100.990

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Key Provisions

Board meetings must be open to owners with at least three days notice
Detailed election procedures with secret ballot requirements
Annual financial statements and budgets are mandatory
Owners have broad rights to inspect association records
Specific dispute resolution procedures through the courts

Pennsylvania

Comprehensive

Pennsylvania has comprehensive legislation based on the Uniform Acts for both planned communities and condominiums. The statutes provide detailed governance, financial, and consumer protection requirements.

Primary HOA Statute

Pennsylvania Uniform Planned Community Act

68 Pa. Cons. Stat. §§ 5101-5414

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Condominium Act

Pennsylvania Uniform Condominium Act

68 Pa. Cons. Stat. §§ 3101-3414

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Key Provisions

Public offering statements are required for new developments
Detailed budget and financial reporting requirements
Board meetings must be open to owners with notice
Assessment liens have specific priority provisions
Owners have substantial rights to inspect records and participate in governance

Rhode Island

Moderate

Rhode Island adopted a version of the Uniform Condominium Act providing a moderate framework for condominium governance. Planned communities rely on their declarations and general property law.

Primary HOA Statute

Rhode Island Condominium Act

R.I. Gen. Laws §§ 34-36.1-1.01 to 34-36.1-4.20

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Key Provisions

Detailed requirements for condominium creation and declarations
Board meetings must be open to unit owners
Annual budgets and financial disclosures are required
Assessment liens are enforceable with proper procedures

South Carolina

Moderate

Ombudsman

South Carolina has a moderate legislative framework with a specific Homeowners Association Act and a Horizontal Property Act for condominiums. The state also has an ombudsman program to assist with disputes.

Primary HOA Statute

South Carolina Homeowners Association Act

S.C. Code §§ 27-30-110 to 27-30-200

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Condominium Act

South Carolina Horizontal Property Act

S.C. Code §§ 27-31-10 to 27-31-310

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Key Provisions

HOAs must provide annual financial statements to members
Boards must hold open meetings with advance notice
Assessment liens are enforceable with specific notice procedures
Owners have the right to attend board meetings and inspect records

South Dakota

Minimal

South Dakota has minimal HOA-specific legislation. The Condominium Act provides basic governance provisions, and planned communities rely on their governing documents and general property law.

Primary HOA Statute

South Dakota Condominium Act

S.D. Codified Laws Chapter 43-15A

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Key Provisions

Condominium creation requires a recorded declaration
Unit owners share common expenses as specified in the declaration
Associations have lien rights for unpaid assessments

Tennessee

Moderate

Tennessee has moderate legislation with separate statutes for homeowner associations and condominiums. Recent legislative activity has expanded homeowner protections.

Primary HOA Statute

Tennessee Homeowners' Association Act

Tenn. Code §§ 66-27-401 to 66-27-417

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Condominium Act

Tennessee Horizontal Property Act

Tenn. Code §§ 66-27-101 to 66-27-123

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Key Provisions

Associations must hold annual meetings open to all members
Annual budgets and financial statements must be provided to owners
Assessment liens are enforceable with specific notice requirements
Owners have rights to access association financial records

Texas

Comprehensive

Texas has comprehensive HOA legislation that has been significantly expanded over the past two decades. The state has one of the largest HOA populations in the nation, and the Property Code provides detailed requirements for governance, assessment collection, and owner rights.

Primary HOA Statute

Texas Property Code, Title 11 (Property Owners' Associations)

Tex. Prop. Code §§ 202.001 to 209.017

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Condominium Act

Texas Uniform Condominium Act

Tex. Prop. Code §§ 81.001 to 82.161

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Key Provisions

Associations must hold open board meetings with notice to owners
Detailed assessment lien and foreclosure procedures with strong consumer protections
Owners have the right to display certain flags, signs, and religious items
Annual budgets and financial disclosures are mandatory
Restrictive covenant enforcement must follow specific procedures
Owners can request and receive copies of association records within 10 business days

Notable Features

One of the largest HOA populations in the U.S. with over 70,000 associationsStrong homeowner protections around flag displays, solar panels, and religious expressionAssessment foreclosure requires judicial process with specific safeguards

Utah

Comprehensive

OmbudsmanRegistration Required

Utah has comprehensive and recently modernized HOA legislation. The state established an Office of the HOA Ombudsman in 2024, requiring all community associations to register. Utah has been one of the most active states in updating HOA law.

Primary HOA Statute

Utah Community Association Act

Utah Code §§ 57-8a-101 to 57-8a-901

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Condominium Act

Utah Condominium Ownership Act

Utah Code §§ 57-8-1 to 57-8-55

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Key Provisions

All HOAs must register with the Office of the HOA Ombudsman
Board meetings must be open to members with advance notice
Annual budgets and financial statements are required
Owners have the right to inspect association records within 10 days of request
Board members must complete education requirements

Utah Office of the HOA Ombudsman

Newly established (2024) office that registers associations, handles complaints, and provides education and dispute resolution resources.

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Notable Features

New HOA Ombudsman office established in 2024Mandatory registration for all community associationsActive legislative environment with frequent HOA law updates

Vermont

Comprehensive

Vermont adopted the Uniform Common Interest Ownership Act, providing a comprehensive framework for condominiums, cooperatives, and planned communities in a single statute.

Primary HOA Statute

Vermont Common Interest Ownership Act

Vt. Stat. tit. 27A

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Key Provisions

Covers all common interest communities under one act
Public offering statement requirements for new developments
Board meetings must be open to owners with notice
Financial reporting and reserve requirements

Virginia

Comprehensive

OmbudsmanRegistration Required

Virginia has comprehensive legislation with separate statutes for property owners' associations and condominiums. The state has an active Office of the Common Interest Community Ombudsman that provides oversight and education.

Primary HOA Statute

Virginia Property Owners' Association Act

Va. Code §§ 55.1-1800 to 55.1-1835

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Condominium Act

Virginia Condominium Act

Va. Code §§ 55.1-1900 to 55.1-1992

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Key Provisions

Associations must register annually with the Common Interest Community Board
Board meetings must be open to owners with advance notice
Annual budgets, financial statements, and reserve studies are mandatory
Detailed resale disclosure requirements when selling a home in an HOA
Owners have broad rights to inspect and copy association records

Office of the Common Interest Community Ombudsman (DPOR)

Registers associations, handles complaints, provides education, and facilitates dispute resolution for common interest communities.

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Notable Features

Active Ombudsman office with registration and complaint handlingOne of the most detailed resale disclosure requirements in the nationStrong governance and financial reporting standards

Washington

Comprehensive

Washington has comprehensive legislation with separate statutes for homeowners' associations and condominiums. The state has been active in recent years updating both acts to strengthen owner protections and modernize governance requirements.

Primary HOA Statute

Washington Homeowners' Associations Act

Wash. Rev. Code Chapter 64.38

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Condominium Act

Washington Condominium Act

Wash. Rev. Code Chapter 64.34

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Key Provisions

Board meetings must be open to owners with advance notice
Annual budgets, financial statements, and reserve studies are required
Detailed election procedures with specific notice and ballot requirements
Owners have the right to inspect and copy association records
Assessment lien enforcement requires specific notice and hearing procedures

West Virginia

Comprehensive

West Virginia adopted the Uniform Common Interest Ownership Act, covering condominiums, cooperatives, and planned communities under a single comprehensive statute.

Primary HOA Statute

West Virginia Uniform Common Interest Ownership Act

W. Va. Code §§ 36B-1-101 to 36B-4-120

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Key Provisions

Covers all common interest communities created after 1986
Public offering statements are required for new developments
Board meetings must be open to owners
Financial reporting and reserve requirements apply

Wisconsin

Moderate

Registration Required

Wisconsin created baseline HOA transparency requirements through 2021 Act 199 (effective January 1, 2023). The law requires recording covenants, filing annual public notices with the Department of Financial Institutions, providing 48-hour meeting notices, and fast, capped-fee payoff statements. Condominiums are separately governed by Chapter 703.

Primary HOA Statute

Wisconsin Planned Community Law (2021 Act 199)

Wis. Stat. § 710.18

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Condominium Act

Wisconsin Condominium Ownership Act

Wis. Stat. Chapter 703

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Key Provisions

HOAs must file annual public notice with the Department of Financial Institutions
48-hour advance notice required for meetings
Capped-fee payoff statements required
Condominium associations separately governed by Chapter 703

Notable Features

New transparency requirements effective January 1, 2023 (Act 199)Annual DFI filing requirementPreviously had minimal HOA regulation

Wyoming

Minimal

Wyoming has minimal HOA-specific legislation. The Condominium Property Act is a basic statute, and planned communities rely on their governing documents and general property law.

Primary HOA Statute

Wyoming Condominium Property Act

Wyo. Stat. §§ 34-20-101 to 34-20-203

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Key Provisions

Condominium creation requires a recorded declaration
Unit owners share common expenses as specified in the declaration
Associations have basic lien rights for unpaid assessments

Frequently Asked Questions

What is an HOA, and why do states regulate them?

A homeowner association (HOA) is a private organization that manages a residential community and enforces its rules (CC&Rs). States regulate HOAs to protect homeowners from unfair practices, ensure financial transparency, and provide dispute resolution mechanisms. The level of regulation varies widely by state.

Does every state have HOA-specific laws?

Every state has at least a condominium act, but not all states have dedicated legislation for planned community HOAs. In states with minimal legislation, planned communities are governed primarily by their own CC&Rs (covenants, conditions, and restrictions) and general property or contract law.

What is the Uniform Common Interest Ownership Act (UCIOA)?

The UCIOA is a model law created by the Uniform Law Commission to provide a comprehensive framework for governing condominiums, cooperatives, and planned communities. Several states have adopted their own version of UCIOA, though each state's version may differ from the original model.

What states have an HOA ombudsman?

States with an active HOA ombudsman or equivalent office include Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Nevada, South Carolina, Utah, Virginia. These offices typically handle complaints, provide education, and in some cases facilitate dispute resolution between homeowners and their associations.

What states require HOAs to register with the government?

States that require some form of HOA or community association registration include Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Hawaii, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, Utah, Virginia, Wisconsin. Registration requirements vary, with some states requiring annual filings while others only require registration for condominiums or new developments.

Can an HOA foreclose on my home for unpaid assessments?

In most states, HOAs have the legal right to place a lien on your property for unpaid assessments and, in some cases, foreclose on that lien. However, the specific procedures, notice requirements, and protections vary significantly by state. Some states require judicial foreclosure (court oversight), while others allow nonjudicial foreclosure. Always review your state's specific laws and your governing documents.

Legal Disclaimer

This guide is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. HOA laws change frequently through legislative action and court decisions. Always consult a qualified attorney licensed in your state for advice specific to your situation. Information was last reviewed in March 2026.

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